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Do you really understand CNC machine tools? Be sure to see the end.
Release time:
2024-07-30
CNC machine tools (Numerical Control Machine Tools,NCMT) is one of the most important equipment in modern manufacturing industry. They control the action of machine tools through pre-programmed programs to realize the automatic processing of workpieces. These machine tools have greatly improved the production efficiency, processing accuracy and product quality, and are the basis for the development of modern manufacturing industry in the direction of high precision, high efficiency and high flexibility. The following is some basic understanding of CNC machine tools:
Working principle: The numerical control machine tool reads the numerical control program stored on the medium (such as hard disk, U disk or transmission through the network), and after the compilation and calculation of the numerical control system, issues corresponding instructions to the servo system to drive the feed mechanism of the machine tool, so that the tool, workpiece and other auxiliary devices work in strict accordance with the path, trajectory and motion parameters specified in the program, thus processing parts that meet the requirements of the drawings.
Components: CNC machine tools are mainly composed of host, numerical control device, drive device, auxiliary device, programming and other ancillary equipment. The host is the main body of the machine tool, including the bed, column, spindle, feed mechanism and other mechanical parts. The numerical control device is the core of the machine tool, which is responsible for compiling and processing the input processing program, and issuing control instructions. The driving device drives each moving part of the machine tool to work according to the instruction of the numerical control device.
Classification: CNC machine tools have different classification methods according to different classification standards. According to the function of the control system, it can be divided into point control, linear control and contour control CNC machine tools; according to the control mode of servo system, it can be divided into open loop control, semi closed loop control and closed loop control CNC machine tools; according to the process use, it can be divided into metal cutting CNC machine tools, metal forming CNC machine tools, special processing CNC machine tools, etc.
Advantages: CNC machine tools have the advantages of high processing accuracy, stable and reliable processing quality, high production efficiency, high degree of automation, good flexibility, low labor intensity, and modernization of production management. These advantages make CNC machine tools widely used in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, mold manufacturing, precision instruments and other fields.
Development trend: with the progress of science and technology, CNC machine tools are developing in the direction of high precision, high speed, high flexibility, high reliability, intelligence and networking. For example, the application of five-axis linkage processing technology, compound processing technology, high-speed processing technology, etc., makes the processing capacity of CNC machine tools more powerful; and the application of intelligent technology, such as adaptive control, fault self-diagnosis and self-repair, further Improve the intelligent level and reliability of CNC machine tools.
In short, CNC machine tools are indispensable equipment in modern manufacturing, which is of great significance for improving production efficiency, processing accuracy and product quality. With the continuous advancement of technology and the continuous expansion of application fields, the future development prospects of CNC machine tools will be broader.
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